NetworksConnected Devices
Ethernet, WiFi, Bluetooth, and the protocols that connect our devices — from local networks to the internet.
Networks Topics
Navigate through the topics and technology of networks
Networks Overview
Ethernet, WiFi, Bluetooth, and the protocols that connect our devices
Ethernet
IEEE 802.3 — from 10BASE5 to 100GbE
WiFi
802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax — wireless LAN protocols
Bluetooth
Short-range wireless — GATT profiles, LE, mesh
NFC
Near Field Communication — contactless payments and pairing
LoRa & LPWAN
Long-range, low-power IoT networks — LoRa, Sigfox, NB-IoT
5G Networks
NR, mmWave, sub-6 GHz, network slicing, edge computing
Satellite Internet
LEO constellations — Starlink, Kuiper, OneWeb
Intra-Body Communication
IBC uses the human body itself as a communication channel for wearable devices
Token Ring
IBM's Token Ring was the main competitor to Ethernet in the 1980s and 1990s
Internet of Things (IoT)
When everyday objects gained internet connectivity, they became smart
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
Encrypted tunnels, WireGuard, OpenVPN, IPsec, and privacy protocols
Tor (Onion Routing)
Distributed anonymity network using layered encryption across three-relay circuits
SOCKS Proxy
Session-layer TCP/UDP proxy protocol — SOCKS4, SOCKS4a, and SOCKS5
Shadowsocks
AEAD-encrypted proxy protocol for censorship circumvention
I2P (Invisible Internet Project)
Garlic-routed anonymous network for internal eepsites and peer-to-peer communication
DNS Tunneling
Encapsulating data in DNS queries — iodine, dnscat2, and DNS-over-HTTPS
ICMP Tunneling
Tunneling TCP over ICMP echo packets with ptunnel-ng
HTTP CONNECT Tunneling
TCP tunneling through HTTP proxies via the CONNECT method
ProxyChains
LD_PRELOAD-based proxy chaining for redirecting UNIX applications through proxies
SSH Tunneling
Encrypted SSH port forwarding — local, remote, and dynamic tunneling
SSH Tunneling Setup
Practical step-by-step guides for setting up SSH tunnels on Linux, macOS, and Windows
Social Media Age Bans and Bypass Methods
UK Online Safety Act, Australia's under-16 social media ban, and the structural limitations of platform-level age verification
Coaxial Cable
75-ohm cable, BNC connectors, CATV distribution, and baseband video
Error Correction Codes
Hamming, Reed-Solomon, LDPC, and turbo codes for reliable data transmission
Multiplexing
TDM, FDM, OFDM, CDMA, and statistical multiplexing techniques
Power Line Communication
Ethernet over power lines — HomePlug, G.hn, and in-home networking
Twisted Pair Cables
Cat3–Cat8 specifications, TIA/EIA standards, and RJ45 pinout